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Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids

Alonso-Perez, Raquel ; Müntener, Othmar ; Ulmer, Peter

In: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2009, vol. 157, no. 4, p. 541-558

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    Titre
    • Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids
    Auteur
    • Alonso-Perez, Raquel. Institute of Mineralogy and Petrology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
    • Müntener, Othmar. Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Ulmer, Peter. Institute of Mineralogy and Petrology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Anglais
    Publié dans
    • Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2009, vol. 157, no. 4, p. 541-558. Springer-Verlag
    Autre version électronique
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:312065
    Summary
    To evaluate the role of garnet and amphibole fractionation at conditions relevant for the crystallization of magmas in the roots of island arcs, a series of experiments were performed on a synthetic andesite at conditions ranging from 0.8 to 1.2GPa, 800-1,000°C and variable H2O contents. At water undersaturated conditions and fO2 established around QFM, garnet has a wide stability field. At 1.2 GPa garnet+amphibole are the high-temperature liquidus phases followed by plagioclase at lower temperature. Clinopyroxene reaches its maximal stability at H2O-contents ≤9wt% at 950°C and is replaced by amphibole at lower temperature. The slopes of the plagioclase-in boundaries are moderately negative in $$ {\text{T{\text{-}}X}}_{{{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}}} $$ space. At 0.8GPa, garnet is stable at magmatic H2O contents exceeding 8wt% and is replaced by spinel at decreasing dissolved H2O. The liquids formed by crystallization evolve through continuous silica increase from andesite to dacite and rhyolite for the 1.2GPa series, but show substantial enrichment in FeO/MgO for the 0.8GPa series related to the contrasting roles of garnet and amphibole in fractionating Fe-Mg in derivative liquids. Our experiments indicate that the stability of igneous garnet increases with increasing dissolved H2O in silicate liquids and is thus likely to affect trace element compositions of H2O-rich derivative arc volcanic rocks by fractionation. Garnet-controlled trace element ratios cannot be used as a proxy for ‘slab melting', or dehydration melting in the deep arc. Garnet fractionation, either in the deep crust via formation of garnet gabbros, or in the upper mantle via formation of garnet pyroxenites remains an important alternative, despite the rare occurrence of magmatic garnet in volcanic rocks