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Psychosocial Factors in Adolescent and Young Adult Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms: Causal or Correlational Associations?

Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph ; Haslimeier, Claudia ; Metzke, Christa

In: Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2007, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 89-100

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    Title
    • Psychosocial Factors in Adolescent and Young Adult Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms: Causal or Correlational Associations?
    Author
    • Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Postfach CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
    • Haslimeier, Claudia. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Postfach CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
    • Metzke, Christa. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Postfach CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    Language
    • English
    Published in
    • Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2007, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 89-100. Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com
    Other Version
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:309542
    Summary
    Using a large longitudinal representative community sample, this study identified three groups of subjects who were depressed either in pre-adolescence, late adolescence or early adulthood, and matched by age and gender to controls without depression. The 90th percentile on one or two self-reported symptom scales [i. e. the Center for Epidemilogical Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) or the subscale Anxious / Depressed subscale on either the Youth Self Report (YSR) or the Young Adult Self Report (YASR)] served as the cut-off for the depression groups. Psychosocial variables under study included life events and life events impact, coping, self-related cognitions, perceived parental rearing style, family relations, perceived school environment, and the internalizing (except anxious/depressed) and externalizing problem scale of the YSR/YASR. The study found a large number of time-related correlations between psychosocial factors and depression. Evidence for causal effect (either antecedent or consequent) was obtained only for self-esteem, perceived maternal rejection, and internalizing problems