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The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - I. Chemical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM

Walch, S. ; Girichidis, P. ; Naab, T. ; Gatto, A. ; Glover, S. C. O. ; Wünsch, R. ; Klessen, R. S. ; Clark, P. C. ; Peters, T. ; Derigs, D. ; Baczynski, C.

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2015, vol. 454, no. 1, p. 238-268

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    Title
    • The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - I. Chemical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM
    Author
    • Walch, S.. I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937Köln, Germany
    • Girichidis, P.. Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany
    • Naab, T.. Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany
    • Gatto, A.. Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany
    • Glover, S. C. O.. Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    • Wünsch, R.. Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bocni II 1401, CZ-141 31 Prague, Czech Republic
    • Klessen, R. S.. Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    • Clark, P. C.. School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK
    • Peters, T.. Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany
    • Derigs, D.. I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937Köln, Germany
    • Baczynski, C.. Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    Language
    • English
    Published in
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2015, vol. 454, no. 1, p. 238-268. Oxford University Press
    Other Version
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:296934
    Summary
    The SILCC (SImulating the Life-Cycle of molecular Clouds) project aims to self-consistently understand the small-scale structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) and its link to galaxy evolution. We simulate the evolution of the multiphase ISM in a (500pc)2×±5kpc region of a galactic disc, with a gas surface density of $\Sigma _{_{\rm GAS}} = 10 \;{\rm M}_{\odot }\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$. The flash 4 simulations include an external potential, self-gravity, magnetic fields, heating and radiative cooling, time-dependent chemistry of H2 and CO considering (self-) shielding, and supernova (SN) feedback but omit shear due to galactic rotation. We explore SN explosions at different rates in high-density regions (peak), in random locations with a Gaussian distribution in the vertical direction (random), in a combination of both (mixed), or clustered in space and time (clus/clus2). Only models with self-gravity and a significant fraction of SNe that explode in low-density gas are in agreement with observations. Without self-gravity and in models with peak driving the formation of H2 is strongly suppressed. For decreasing SN rates, the H2 mass fraction increases significantly from<10 per cent for high SN rates, i.e. 0.5 dex above Kennicutt-Schmidt, to 70-85 per cent for low SN rates, i.e. 0.5 dex below KS. For an intermediate SN rate, clustered driving results in slightly more H2 than random driving due to the more coherent compression of the gas in larger bubbles. Magnetic fields have little impact on the final disc structure but affect the dense gas (n≳10 cm−3) and delay H2 formation. Most of the volume is filled with hot gas (∼80 per cent within ±150pc). For all but peak driving a vertically expanding warm component of atomic hydrogen indicates a fountain flow. We highlight that individual chemical species populate different ISM phases and cannot be accurately modelled with temperature-/density-based phase cut-offs