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Brief but Efficient: Acute HIV Infection and the Sexual Transmission of HIV

Pilcher, Christopher D. ; Tien, Hsiao Chuan ; Eron, Joseph J. ; Vernazza, Pietro L. ; Leu, Szu-Yun ; Stewart, Paul W. ; Goh, Li-Ean ; Cohen, Myron S.

In: Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004, vol. 189, no. 10, p. 1785-1792

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    Title
    • Brief but Efficient: Acute HIV Infection and the Sexual Transmission of HIV
    Author
    • Pilcher, Christopher D.. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, St. Gallen, Switzerland
    • Tien, Hsiao Chuan. Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, St. Gallen, Switzerland
    • Eron, Joseph J.. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, St. Gallen, Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Greenford, United Kingdom
    • Vernazza, Pietro L.. University Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
    • Leu, Szu-Yun. Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, St. Gallen, Switzerland
    • Stewart, Paul W.. Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, St. Gallen, Switzerland
    • Goh, Li-Ean. Clinical Development Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Greenford, United Kingdom
    • Cohen, Myron S.. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, St. Gallen, Switzerland
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    Language
    • English
    Published in
    • Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004, vol. 189, no. 10, p. 1785-1792. The University of Chicago Press
    Other Version
    Classification
    • Health
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:293319
    Summary
    Background. We examined whether viral dynamics in the genital tract during the natural history of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection could explain efficient heterosexual transmission of HIV. Methods. We measured HIV-1 concentration in blood and semen samples from patients with acute and long-term HIV-1 infection. We explored the effect of changes in viral dynamics in semen on the probability of transmission per coital act, using a probabilistic model published elsewhere. Results. Considered over time from infection, semen HIV-1 concentrations, in men with acute infection, increase and decrease in approximate parallel with changes occurring in blood. Modeling suggests that these acute dynamics alone are sufficient to increase probability of heterosexual transmission by 8-10-fold between peak (day 20 after infection, based on the model) and virologic set points (day 54 and later after infection). Depending on the frequency of coitus, men with average semen HIV-1 loads and without sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) would be expected to infect 7%-24% of susceptible female sex partners during the first 2 months of infection. The predicted infection rate would be much higher when either partner has an STD. Conclusions. Empirical biological data strongly support the hypothesis that sexual transmission by acutely infected individuals has a disproportionate effect on the spread of HIV-1 infection. Acute hyperinfectiousness may, in part, explain the current pandemic in heterosexual individuals